Macular
Degeneration

We specialize in diagnosing and managing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss in individuals over 50. Our expert eye doctors can detect this progressive condition in its early stages, often before significant vision loss occurs, allowing for timely treatment to preserve your vision.

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Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that affects the macula—the part of your eye responsible for central vision. As AMD progresses, it can lead to a decline in sharp, central vision, making daily tasks like reading, driving, and recognizing faces more difficult. Although AMD doesn't cause total blindness, it significantly impacts quality of life, particularly in older adults.

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Causes of AMD

While the exact cause remains unclear, researchers believe genetic factors, lifestyle, and environmental influences contribute to AMD's development. Factors like oxidative stress, inflammation, and the aging process are thought to accelerate its progression.

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Key Risk Factors for AMD

Several factors increase your risk of developing AMD, including:​

• Age: Those over 50 are at higher risk.

• Family History: A family history of AMD can increase your chances.

• Ethnicity: Caucasians are at a higher risk.

• Smoking: Smoking accelerates the development of AMD.

• Health Conditions: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and extended sun exposure without proper eye protection can increase your risk.​

Regular eye exams are critical, especially if you have risk factors such as a family history of AMD.

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Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

Early stages of AMD often show no noticeable symptoms, making regular eye exams essential for early detection. As the disease progresses, you may notice changes in your vision, including:

• Blurred or Distorted Central Vision: Straight lines may appear wavy, and the center of your vision may become blurry.

• Difficulty Recognizing Faces: AMD can make it hard to recognize people, especially from a distance.

• Dark or Empty Areas: You might see a dark or empty spot in your central vision.

• Reduced Visual Acuity: Gradual loss of sharpness in your central vision is a common symptom.

• Diminished Color Perception: Colors may appear faded or less vibrant.

• Difficulty Adapting to Light Changes: Transitioning between bright and dim environments may become challenging.

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Types of Macular Degeneration

There are two main types of AMD:​

Dry AMD (Atrophic)

Dry AMD is the most common type, accounting for 85-90% of cases. It involves the gradual thinning of the macula, leading to slow vision loss. Typically, both eyes are affected, though severity may vary.​

Wet AMD (Neovascular)

Wet AMD is less common but more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid, leading to rapid and significant vision loss.

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AMD Testing and Diagnosis in Austin

Our skilled optometrists at Northwest Hills Eye Care offer a comprehensive examination to detect macular degeneration. The diagnostic process may include:

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Comprehensive Eye Exam

We begin with a thorough eye exam to assess your eye health and vision. Key diagnostic tools include:

• Dilated Eye Exam: We use eye drops to dilate your pupils, enabling a detailed look at the macula and retina.

• Amsler Grid Test: This simple test detects distortions in central vision that could signal AMD.

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): OCT provides cross-sectional images of the retina to monitor structural changes associated with AMD.

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Treatment Options for Macular Degeneration

Currently, there is no cure for age-related macular degeneration, but treatments can help slow its progression and manage symptoms. Available options include:​

Dry AMD Treatments:

• Nutritional Supplements: The AREDS formula, which contains antioxidants and zinc, can help reduce the risk of progression in some patients.

• Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding smoking can slow the disease's advancement.​

Wet AMD Treatments:

• Anti-VEGF Injections: These injections help block the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina.

• Laser Therapy: In some cases, laser treatment can target leaking blood vessels.

• Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): This therapy uses a light-activated drug to treat abnormal blood vessels.

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While there is no cure for AMD, early detection and timely treatment can help preserve your vision.

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